So Who Is Really Living Here?

It’s not that we don’t like House Wrens. We do appreciate the male’s beautiful warbling song that lets us know there’s pride in his chosen nest site. It’s just that he has chosen a nestbox that is supposed to be for the Eastern Bluebird. The bluebird builds a tidy nest, usually with pine needles because of their availability but we’ve seen dried grass used also. However, the House Wren stuffs the box with coarse sticks, cramming them in so tightly that it’s almost impossible to check for eggs. The actual nest cup is deep inside along the back side of the box so we dutifully (and carefully) tilt the nest outward and downward in order to see into it. If there are eggs or chicks, we leave them. However, if it’s the beginning of a nest we remove it but, usually, the next week the wren has been at it again.

Now we have discovered something new – new to us, that is. There are double layer nests in some of the boxes. The House Wren is either an opportunist or is lazy but, then, there may be a fine line of distinction there and could be a subject for musing in a different venue. On the bluebird trail here at the garden, we have several nestboxes in which the bluebirds started building nests but, somehow, the wrens took over. After all, they are feisty little birds. In one there was one bluebird egg already laid and we expected to find a few more eggs the following week. Instead, we found a stick nest built on top of the pine needle nest and the bluebird egg was gone.

We know that House Wrens usually choose boxes that are near woody areas and we thought we had placed them far enough from trees and bushy areas. However, now we know these birds will use boxes that are out in open areas and, in fact, will take over the boxes already being used by the bluebirds.

Wrens are known to destroy bluebird eggs by punching holes in them, but they also will attack chicks in the nest and toss them out. They are a major problem if one is trying to have a successful bluebird trail. Obviously we are distressed when we find these stick nests, but we also know that it’s nature at work. But double layers? Oh, come on!

Family Gardening: What to Plant?

There are so many plants to choose from these days, it can be hard to know where to start. For those of you planning and planting a family garden with your kids (or with a group of kids such as a summer day camp, scout group or church group), here are a few ideas to help frame some interesting options that kids will enjoy:

• Giants, Minis, and Oddballs. When planting vegetables, think about oddities or extremes. They can be used to create a vegetable garden that is fun and interesting for kids. Also, most kids are more willing to try eating something that they have grown themselves, especially if it’s something different from the norm. Try planting giant varieties planted next to miniature ones to create a contrast, or strange-looking varieties. For a nice miniature tomato, try growing cherry tomatoes (my personal favorite is Sungold) right next to a giant variety like Park’s Whopper. Yard-long beans—an Asian type of string bean that truly does grow very long—are a fun bean to plant on a trellis or bamboo teepee. A nice colorful vegetable is the beautiful Swiss Chard called Bright Lights—the multi-hued stems look like old-fashioned ribbon candy, and create a lovely little rainbow right in your garden! You’ll be looking for recipes to try with your new-found crop. Don’t forget squash—it’s a great plant that is extremely easy to grow, so you can almost guarantee success. A few squash will produce enough to feed your entire family and all your friends, and there are some fun ‘different’ varieties, too, such as a small round squash called Eight Ball.
• Floral Bounty. There are endless flowers that would be ideal for a children’s garden area. Zinnias would top my list (any kind), along with Sunflowers (Helianthus) and Tithonias, also called Mexican Sunflowers—they have bright orange daisy-like flowers, and the leaves are fuzzy and shaped like a dinosaur’s foot/paw. (No, I’ve never seen a dinosaur’s foot/paw-- which is it, anyway? However, this is what the kids I’ve worked with say, and it really does look like a three-toed foot. They make great dinosaur leaf prints…) There are so many options it’s hard to limit—it really just depends on the space you have available and the amount of sun or shade you have. Take your child and let them pick out a few flowers to try. It's a great outing. Plus, experimenting with something new fosters a wonderful aptitude for exploration and discovery—key components to critical thinking that are essential for developing young scientists as well as creative artists!
• Herbal Delights. Create a fragrant sensory experience by making sure to plant a few herbs in your garden. Many have fragrant foliage, and it is simply delightful to brush against them and release their scent as you are working in the garden or just strolling through. Plus, you have the added benefit of having fresh herbs just outside your door that you can add to your meals. Basil is extremely easy to grow, as is mint, rosemary, and lemon balm. All of these—and many more—are very kid-friendly, and very commonly available at your local nursery. I especially like lemon balm and mint, as you can steep them and make your own herbal tea, or use them to flavor your iced tea. Some folks say that they will ‘invade,’ but I have never found them to be truly invasive—they just like to spread out. Makes me feel like a really successful gardener! They are easy to keep in check—you just pull up the surface runners, and then you have some to share with a friend.
• Heirloom Heritage. Try planting some heirloom varieties. These are plants that have been grown for generations, with seed collected and passed down from one person to another. With heirloom plants you can collect and save your own seed to plant again next year, which is a fun and interesting activity in and of itself at the end of the season—a wonderful scavenger hunt in your own backyard! Heirloom vegetables, in particular, are some of the best-tasting varieties of vegetables you can grow. Many companies carry heirloom varieties along with hybridized ones—heirloom tomatoes like Brandywine and Mortgage Lifter are popular, and there are many more available. Plant several different types and conduct your own taste test—they will be the best-tasting tomatoes you ever put in your mouth!
• Gourd-geous. Last but not least, grow some gourds. These are just plain fun—they grow very rapidly, and it’s amazing to see just how fast the gourds grow and take shape. Harvest some for bird houses or other crafts. You and your kids will all be enchanted to have a bird house you grew yourself! There are an endless variety of vegetables, herbs, and flowers to plant—I could go on and on. The point is to have fun experimenting and try some new things.

Obviously, this list of plants could go on and on. I would love to hear what the favorite plants are in your family garden. What do your kids enjoy? What do you have the most success with? How do you use the harvest from your garden? Please write and let me know!

Happy Gardening!

Dr. Cindy

What's New on the DSBG Bluebird Trail

May has been a busy month for the bluebirds at the Daniel Stowe Botanical Garden.  The first brood of chicks from the nest boxes have fledged their nests and we are now seeing the second brood of the year.  We noted that 8 of the nest boxes have a second brood and we counted a total of 28 eggs in those boxes.  We also have one box with an active house wren nest.

If you are monitoring a bluebird box in your own back yard, do not be alarmed to see that the number of eggs in the second brood is smaller than the first.  This is what we are seeing as well. We do have some smaller broods of just one, two or three eggs.

This year on the bluebird trail we had a slightly rare occurence in one of the nest boxes that we did not observe last year.  During our monitoring of the boxes on April 30th we discovered that one nest box contained white eggs!  The photograph above was taken on that day.  After checking the box we drove a short distance away and waited.  Sure enough a female bluebird flew right into the box. The eggs were also consistent with the size of the blue bluebird eggs that we are noting in the other boxes and the nest was consistent with the other bluebird nests.

According to www.sialis.org, up to 4 to 5 percent of bluebirds lay white eggs.  The Sialis website also indicates that white eggs can occur in all three species of bluebirds and that the white eggs are just as fertile as the blue eggs.  From what I read on this website, a female that lays white eggs will always lay white eggs.  So, if we have blue eggs in the same nest box for the second brood, then another female has now inhabited the box.  It will be interesting in the coming weeks to see if we have white or blue eggs in that same box.

As always, one other good thing about being outside monitoring the bluebird boxes is that it affords us the opportunity to see what new visitors we have flying around the garden.  In addition to the usual suspects we saw a few new species of birds during May that we did not see in April.  We observed the Indigo Bunting, American Goldfinch, Barn Swallow, Red-winged Blackbird, Orchard Oriole, Red-eyed Vireo and the Chimney Swift.

When you pay your next visit to the garden I hope you'll take some time and observe the birds as well as the beautiful plants and flowers.  Please drop us a line if you see a species of bird that you do not normally see so that we can be on the lookout for them as well.  Enjoy the garden and happy birding!